“It’s not just the ‘bad apples’ within police departments who cause citizens to lose confidence and trust in their local police. It’s not just the cops who engage in discrimination or other forms of misconduct. It’s these ‘good apples,’ too, the ones who obey the law, and the rules, but who countenance, excuse, justify, or defend the bad behavior of their friends and colleagues. So many ‘good apples’ spend so much time defending the ‘bad apples’ that it becomes hard to tell which apples are which.”